At the main menu after beating the game on any difficulty.
The room with the ''Dopefish lives'' poster is in part 1 chapter 7. To get to the room, do the following:
Go through chapter 7 until you get to the scene where Gognitti runs down the stairs and gets stuck in from of the locked door. Once the cut scene ends, kill enough of the baddies that you can go down the stairs safely (or just do it balls out gung-ho style guns blazing all the way...) Once you get to the bottom, turn around and head beneith the stairs to the door. Open the door, and presto! Dopefish!